11th GRADE
1. THE COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN BODY
- topography of organs and organ systems
- anatomical plans and reports
2. FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY
2.1 FUNCTIONS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
-classification of the nervous system from a topographic and functional point of view
-somatic nervous system: reflex function - reflex act, driving function - classification of driving paths and their role
-vegetative-classifying nervous system, effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation
-basic notions of hygiene and pathology: meningitis, coma, cerebral hemorrhages
ANALYZERS
- segments of an analyzer
- physiology of visual, auditory, vestibular analyzers
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - herpes, cataract, glaucoma, conjunctiva, otitis
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
- topography, hormones
- defining effects - pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads
- dysfunctions (pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, Basedow-Graves disease, myxedema, thyroid dwarfism, endemic goiter, diabetes mellitus)
BONE SYSTEM
- skeleton - composition, role, growth in length and thickness of bones
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - deformations, fractures, sprains, dislocations
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
- skeletal muscle - main groups, types of contractions
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - muscle fatigue, stretching and muscle ruptures
2.2 FUNCTIONS OF NUTRITION
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
physico-chemical transformations of food in the digestive tract
- intestinal absorption
- physiology of the large intestine
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - dental caries, stomatitis, enterocolitis, liver cirrhosis, biliary lithiasis, pancreatitis
CIRCULATION
- blood groups, immunity
- cardiac activity, functional parameters - heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, arterial pulse
- large and small circulation
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - ischemic heart disease, internal and external hemorrhages, leukemia, anemia
RESPIRATION
- pulmonary ventilation, gas transport, gas exchange, respiratory volumes and capacities
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - influenza, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema
EXCRETION
- formation and elimination of urine
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - cystitis, nephritis, glomerulonephritis
2.3. REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
- reproductive system - components, physiology
- reproductive health - family planning, conception and contraception, pregnancy and childbirth
- elementary notions of hygiene and pathology - anexitis, prostate adenoma
12th GRADE
1. GNETICS
1.1 MOLECULAR GENETICS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
- chemical composition
- primary and secondary structure of DNA
- types of RNA, structure and functions
- autocatalytic and heterochatalytic function
ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL
- viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes
1.2 HUMAN GENETICS
HUMAN GENOME
- chromosomal complement
MUTAGENESIS AND TERATOGENESIS
- chromosomal abnormalities associated with human cancer (cancer phenotype, carcinogens)
AREAS OF APPLICATION AND BIOETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HUMAN GENETICS
- parental diagnosis
- in vitro fertilization
- therapeutic cloning
- gene therapy
2. HUMAN ECOLOGY
FEATURES OF ANTHROPISED ECOSYSTEMS AND WAYS OF INVESTIGATING
- peculiarities of biotope and biocenosis
- interspecific relationships in anthropogenic ecosystems
ANTHROPIC IMPACT ON NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
- habitat degradation
- introduction of new species
- overexploitation of biological resources (deforestation, grazing, fishing, hunting)
- urbanization and industrialization
- environmental damage through chemical, physical, biological pollution
