Baccalaureate Curriculum

11th GRADE

1. THE COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN BODY

  • Topography of organs and organ systems
  • Anatomical planes and relationships

2. FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY

2.1 FUNCTIONS OF RELATION

NERVOUS SYSTEM

  • Classification of the nervous system from a topographic and functional point of view
  • Somatic nervous system: reflex function (reflex act); conduction function (classification of pathways and their role)
  • Autonomic nervous system: classification; effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation
  • Basic notions of hygiene and pathology: meningitis, coma, cerebral hemorrhage

ANALYZERS

  • Segments of an analyzer
  • Physiology of visual, auditory, vestibular and cutaneous analyzers
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: herpes, cataract, glaucoma, conjunctivitis, otitis

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

  • Topography and hormones
  • Defining effects: pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads
  • Dysfunctions: pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, Basedow-Graves disease, myxedema, thyroid dwarfism, endemic goiter, diabetes mellitus

SKELETAL SYSTEM

  • Skeleton: structure, role, growth in length and thickness of bones
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: deformities, fractures, sprains, dislocations

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  • Skeletal muscles: main groups, types of contractions
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: muscle fatigue, strains, muscle tears

2.2 FUNCTIONS OF NUTRITION

DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

  • Physico-chemical transformations of food in the digestive tract
  • Intestinal absorption
  • Physiology of the large intestine
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: dental caries, stomatitis, enterocolitis, liver cirrhosis, biliary lithiasis, pancreatitis

CIRCULATION

  • Blood groups and immunity
  • Cardiac activity and functional parameters: heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, arterial pulse
  • Systemic and pulmonary circulation
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: ischemic heart disease, internal and external hemorrhages, leukemia, anemia

RESPIRATION

  • Pulmonary ventilation, gas transport, gas exchange, respiratory volumes and capacities
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: influenza, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema

EXCRETION

  • Formation and elimination of urine
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: cystitis, nephritis, glomerulonephritis

2.3 REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

  • Reproductive system: components and physiology
  • Reproductive health: family planning, conception and contraception, pregnancy and childbirth
  • Elementary notions of hygiene and pathology: anexitis, prostate adenoma

12th GRADE

1. GENETICS

1.1 MOLECULAR GENETICS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

  • Chemical composition
  • Primary and secondary structure of DNA
  • Types of RNA, structure and functions
  • Autocatalytic and heterocatalytic function

ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL

  • In viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes

1.2 HUMAN GENETICS

HUMAN GENOME

  • Chromosomal complement

MUTAGENESIS AND TERATOGENESIS

  • Chromosomal abnormalities associated with human cancer (cancer phenotype, carcinogenic agents)

AREAS OF APPLICATION AND BIOETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HUMAN GENETICS

  • Genetic counseling
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • In vitro fertilization
  • Therapeutic cloning
  • Gene therapy

2. HUMAN ECOLOGY

FEATURES OF ANTHROPISED ECOSYSTEMS AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

  • Peculiarities of biotope and biocenosis
  • Interspecific relationships in anthropogenic ecosystems

ANTHROPIC IMPACT ON NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS

  • Habitat degradation
  • Introduction of new species
  • Overexploitation of biological resources (deforestation, grazing, fishing, hunting)
  • Urbanization and industrialization
  • Environmental damage through chemical, physical and biological pollution